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大柱山隧道全长1484米、地处横断山脉，澜沧江畔，中铁一局工人们坚守12年终于贯通，现场喜悦欢呼。牛榮健摄

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“贯通了!贯通了!”4月28日，大(理)瑞(丽)铁路全线最高风险隧道大柱山隧道迎来全隧贯通的历史时刻，标志着大瑞铁路建设取得重大进展。

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远眺云南省大瑞铁路大柱山隧道。陈敬浩摄

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从隧道进出口两端对向掘进的建设者，经过12年艰难施工终于会师，他们大步跨过脚下碎石，上前一一拥抱祝贺。这里是全世界最复杂险峻的山系——青藏高原东南部的横断山脉。山在这里一改自西向东的惯例，齐刷刷由北向南横贯而下，阻断东西方向的交通，故名“横断山”。

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大柱山隧道出口。陈敬浩摄

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大瑞铁路是穿越横断山脉的第一条铁路，大柱山隧道位于大瑞铁路大理至保山段保山市境内，全长14484米，穿越澜沧江深大断裂与保山褶皱带交界处，穿过含断层破碎带、侵入体蚀变带、岩溶等不良地质和重大风险，被称为是“最难掘进铁路隧道”。

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在隧道挖掘面出现涌水、突泥，是施工人员最担心的情况。而大柱山隧道是在“豆腐渣里钻洞”，这“最担心的情况”却成了常态，施工人员与突如其来的涌水泥浆频繁作战。

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隧道涌水不止，工人们每日“淋浴”作业。牛榮健摄

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2009年8月，隧道掘进至最为艰难的燕子窝断层核心地段，156米的距离，整整打了26个月，平均每天仅能掘进约20厘米。

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隧道自2008年开工以来，在云桂铁路(沪昆客专)云南公司组织下，中铁一局建设者穿越6条地质断裂带，为排出单日最高22万立方米的涌水，先后建设7座抽水站，56台大水泵接力，这样的单日涌水量，足足可以蓄满88个长50米的标准游泳池。

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隧道高地热使施工环境达到41度，工人们轮换作业。牛榮健摄

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除了“水深”，还有“火热”。隧道内高地温段长期温度达40℃左右、湿度85%以上，施工单位长年往隧道施工挖掘面运送冰块降温，每天每个挖掘面需要12吨冰块，施工人员每3小时就要轮换一次。

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而“水深”“火热”仅仅是众多难题中的两个。隧道最大埋深为995米，洞内纵坡设计为“人”字坡，最大纵坡23.5‰，特别是成功穿越了1270米含有瓦斯气体的煤系地层。

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与其他长大隧道不同的是，大柱山隧道施工只能从进出口独头掘进，无竖井、斜井等辅助施工条件，最大独头掘进长度达8.3公里。

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中铁一局工人在涌水中划船查看地质变化。牛榮健摄

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为解决隧道进出口独头掘进带来施工弃碴、通风、排水难题，施工人员在正洞左侧30米处，平行建设长14190米的平导，平导还将在运营后作为防灾疏散救援的通道。

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中铁一局大瑞铁路项目常务副指挥长刘小荣介绍，最后一两百米的时候还发生过两次小塌方，因为当时的围岩是辉绿岩，自稳性非常差，遇水就变成泥状。4月份以来，施工单位快速有序复工复产，1500多人昼夜奋战，按下施工“快进键”，实现全隧顺利贯通。

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大柱山隧道地处横断山脉，澜沧江畔，中铁一局工人们坚守12年终于贯通，现场喜悦欢呼。牛榮健摄

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“12年来，我们憋着一口气，一定要把这个隧道打通。”中铁一局大瑞铁路项目负责人姜栋说，“今天终于实现了我们团队当初的约定，掌子面不见不散。”

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大瑞铁路全长约330公里，东起云南省大理市，西至中缅边境瑞丽市，是我国《中长期铁路网规划》中完善路网布局和西部开发重要项目之一。铁路自大理沿西洱河右岸而下，跨漾濞江、银江、澜沧江，穿大柱山后至保山市，再经怒江、高黎贡山，终到瑞丽。建成通车后，大理至瑞丽的旅行时间将由现在约7个小时缩短至约3个小时，这对促进沿线地区经济社会发展，提升云南对外开放水平，推动我国与南亚东南亚国家的交流合作具有深远意义。

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隧道顺利贯通，工人的喜悦流露在脸上。牛榮健摄

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云桂铁路(沪昆客专)云南公司大瑞铁路指挥部副指挥长曾劲表示，截至目前，大瑞铁路全线44座隧道已经贯通了29座;大理至保山段，路基工程已经完成90%，桥梁工程已完成84%;保山至瑞丽段，路基工程已经完成81%，桥梁工程已经完成75%，复工复产以来，全线桥梁路基隧道工程已完成计划的105%。

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大柱山隧道贯通前，最后一次开挖施工作业。牛榮健摄

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来源：云南省交通运输厅

以上是网络信息转载，信息真实性自行斟酌。